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This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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This paper presents a novel approach towards effective irrigation system. Most of the farmers use large portions of farming land and it becomes very difficult to reach and track each corner of large lands. Sometime there is a possibility of uneven water sprinkles. This result in the bad quality crops which further leads to financial losses. In this scenario the Smart Irrigation System using Latest IoT technology is helpful and leads to ease of farming.
The Smart irrigation System has wide scope to automate the complete irrigation system. In this we are building an IoT based Irrigation System using ESP8266 NodeMCU Module and DHT11 Sensor. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE STUDY
• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRRIGATION
• IMPACT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON SOCIETY

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
• SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• COMPONENTS USED
• PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS ANALYSIS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

• Water Withdrawal– The volume of freshwater abstraction from surface or groundwater for an intended purpose. Withdrawal is directly measurable as the quantity of water withdrawn from the source for a particular activity over a specific period of time.
• Water Consumption– The volume of withdrawn water that is evaporated or transpired for an intended purpose.
• Drip Irrigation– Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with
• outlets called emitters or drippers. Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted (Figure 60), unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil profile. With drip irrigation water, applications are more frequent (usually every 1-3 days) than with other methods and this provides a very favourable high moisture level in the soil in which plants can flourish.
• Flood Irrigation– A group of application techniques involving distribution of water in a field by the gravity flow of water over the soil surface. The soil acts as the medium in which the water is stored and the conveyance medium over which water flows as it spreads and infiltrates. Flood irrigation is characterized by uncontrolled distribution of water.
• Crop Yield– Weight of economically valuable crop that is harvested per unit of harvested area.
• Baseline Activity– Adoption of traditional irrigation practices that are relatively inefficient with water use. Traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation typically use gravity to disperse water across the field.
• Project Activity– Implementation of irrigation practices that promote higher irrigation efficiency, thereby reducing water withdrawal volume.
• Sprinkler Irrigation– A method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops before falling to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions are typically designed to enable a uniform application of water.
• Basin Hydrological Flow– The characteristic behaviour and total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin. This is determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration and the impact of project interventions on these factors.
• Return Flow– Quantities of water that are returned to the sources from which they were withdrawn to be made available for other purposes or users (e.g. downstream farmers or wildlife). This could include unused water withdrawn for agricultural purposes that is returned to surface water sources or recharges groundwater aquifers.
• Blue water footprint– Volume of surface and groundwater consumed as a result of the production of a good or service. Consumption refers to the volume of freshwater used and then evaporated/transpired or incorporated into a product. It also includes water abstracted from surface or groundwater in a catchment and returned to another catchment or the sea. It is the amount of water abstracted from groundwater or surface water that does not return to the catchment from which it was withdrawn.
• Green water footprint– Volume of rainwater consumed during the production process. This refers to the total rainwater evapotranspiration (from fields and plantations) plus the water incorporated into the harvested crop. 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection,[1] suppressing weed growth in grain fields[2] and preventing soil consolidation.[3] In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land farming.
Irrigation systems are also used for cooling livestock, dust suppression, disposal of sewage, and in mining. Irrigation is often studied together with drainage, which is the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area.
Irrigation has been a central feature of agriculture for over 5,000 years and is the product of many cultures. Historically, it was the basis for economies and societies across the globe.
irrigation control system is a device to operate automatic irrigation systems such as lawn sprinklers and drip irrigation systems. Most controllers have a means of setting the frequency of irrigation, the start time, and the duration of watering. Some controllers have additional features such as multiple programs to allow different watering frequencies for different types of plants, rain delay settings, input terminals for sensors such as rain and freeze sensors, soil moisture sensors, weather data, remote operation, etc.
There are two basic types of controllers, electric and hydraulic. Most automatic irrigation valves are diaphragm valves in which the water above the diaphragm must be discharged for the valve to open. In a hydraulic system, the controller and valves are connected via small plastic tubes approximately 4 mm (¼ in) in diameter. The controller opens the tube connected to the valve, allowing that valve to open.
In developing countries the economy is highly based on agriculture but we lack in proper utilization of resources available to us. This is mainly because of the unplanned use of water for irrigation. Although there are many modern irrigation techniques like drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation farmers have to visit the farms in person regularly in order to water their crops. i.e. it is manually controlled. All these problems results in wastage of human and agricultural resources as well as time. Hence, there is a need for making an automatic irrigation system which the main aim of this work.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT
In the last decade, irrigation is carried out manually by farmers morning or evening according to when the need arise, and this consumes time, involves labour and sometimes farmers forget to carry out the duty. To overcome this problem an an IoT based Irrigation System using ESP8266 NodeMCU Module and DHT11 Sensor was built to automatically apply water to crops thereby reducing labour and time consumption involved in manual irrigation system.

1.2                                     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Aim

The main aim of this work is to build an IoT based Irrigation System using ESP8266 NodeMCU Module and DHT11 Sensor
Objectives
This system has been designed to achieve the following objective:

• To increase the production by using better irrigation system.
• To manage the water supply for proper cultivation of plants.
• To reduce man power.
• To take proper action regarding the condition of the soil through the proposed system.

1.3                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work covers building an IoT based Irrigation System using ESP8266 NodeMCU Module and DHT11 Sensor. It will not only automatically irrigate the water based on the moisture level in the soil but also send the Data to ThingSpeak Server to keep track of the land condition. The System will consist a water pump which will be used to sprinkle water on the land depending upon the land environmental condition such as Moisture, Temperature and Humidity.

1.4                                                  PUPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main aim of the study is to develop irrigation system to provide an automatic irrigation system for the plants which help in saving water, money and human labour.

1.5                                           SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• An automatic Irrigation control system makes it possible to grow cash crops which give good returns to the cultivators. Examples of cash crops are; sugarcane, potato, tobacco etc.
• An automatic Irrigation control system improves the groundwater storage as water lost due to seepage adds to groundwater storage.
• An automatic Irrigation control system improves the yields of crops which mean more income for the farmer people prosperous.
• We use it to help the growth of crops during the period of inadequate rainfall.

1.6                                            IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

• Irrigation system maintains moisture in the soil. Moisture is necessary for the germination of seeds.
• Water supplies two essential elements, hydrogen and oxygen to the crop.
• Irrigation is necessary for the absorption of mineral nutrients by the plants from the soil.
• It is essential for the growth of the roots of the crop plants.

1.7                                                        METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

• Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
• Draw a block diagram.
• Test for continuity of components and devices,
• Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
• Studying of various component used in circuit.
• Construction of the circuit was carried out.
• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.8                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1                                     CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
The an IoT based irrigation system is simple and precise way of irrigation. Hence, this system is very useful as it reduces manual work of the farmers and also helps in the proper utilization of resources. It eliminates the manual switching mechanism used by the farmers to ON/OFF the irrigation system. This project can be extended to greenhouses where manual supervision is less. Fully automated gardens and farm lands can be created using this principle in the right manner on large scale.
5.2                                                  RECOMMENDATIONS
The device (an IoT based irrigation system) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
Working on this topic (an IoT based irrigation system) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.

 

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of   an iot based smart irrigation system using soil moisture sensor and esp8266 nodemcu" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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