MODELING OF GAS POLLUTION FROM ILORIN ANIMAL WASTE DUMPSITE
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TITLE PAGE
MODELING OF GAS POLLUTION FROM ILORIN ANIMAL WASTE DUMPSITE
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Statements of the problems 2
1.3 Aim and objectives 2
1.3.1 Aim 2
1.3.2 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of research 3
1.5 Definition of terms 3
1.5.1 Trace gas 3
1.5.2 Pollution 3
1.5.3 Animal waste 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Carbon dioxide emission 4
2.2 Methane emission 4
2.3 Nitrous Oxide Emission 5
2.4 Non Point Pollution 5
2.5 Pollution from animal waste harms 6
2.6 Waste management practices should be improve 6
2.7 Data sources and Limit 7
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 8
3.1 Description of study area 8
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Discussion 9
4.1 Data Obtained from the field 9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 18
5.1 Conclusion 18
5.2 Recommendation 18
References 19
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Data Obtained for day 1 9
Table 2: Data Obtained for day 2 10
Table 3: Data Obtained for day 3 11
Table 4: Data Obtained for day 4 12
Table 5: Data Obtained for day 5 13
Table 6: Compress Field Value Results In ppm 14
Table 7: Compress field value results in tons 14
Table 8: Output of IWM tools 15
Table 9: Comparism of output 17
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Atmospheric emission of methane (CH4) associated with animal waste are worldwide problem and may contribute to a detrimental impact on the environment.
CH4 are important green house gases that are produced anthropogenic ally but mainly by plant, animal waste and from natural geothermal source. Other green house gases include CO2, NH3.
‘Greenhouse’ gases are gases that have a molecular structure such that they obstruct the radiation of heat from the earth, thus acting like the glass or membrane over a greenhouse. The gases that are most effective at absorbing this radiated heat are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons and sculpture hexafluoride.
The above ‘greenhouse’ gases have differing abilities to absorb the heat radiated from the earth and are assigned factors (their ‘global warning potential’) based on their absorbing ability relative to that of carbon dioxide. The factors depend on the lifetime over which the effect of the gases is assessed. A gas which is quickly removed from the atmosphere may initially have a large effect but over a longer period the effect will be much less important.
- BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Waste products are valuable resources as fertilizer and suitable to be applied to crops and pastures. However. When concentrated into relatively small geographical area or applied in excessive amounts, waste can have detrimental environmental effects. This can results in enhanced CO2, CH4 and NS0 emission to the atmosphere influencing global warming and destruction of the ozone layer (mosier, 1998). These gases have long atmospheric lifetimes, are consequently fairly well mixed and therefore of global as well as local or regional importance. They represent a most serious threat to global climate in terms of greenhouse effect and their overall radioactive forcing from pre industrial time to date were estimated as 1.85,0.15 and 0.1.2Wm-2 respectively. Anthropogenic sources account for 70% of the total annual release of CH4, 16% of which coming from production of waste (IPCC, 1994). Soil microbial processes accesses account for 65% of the total N2) source strength (5 to 5 TG year-1). These researches measured the emission of NH3 using ToxiREA pro and modeling to estimate emission by Gabi 6 tools.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Scientist agree that even a small increase in the global temperature would led to significant climate and whether changes, affecting cloud cover, precipitation, wind patterns, the frequency and severity of storms, and the duration of season.
- Rising temperature would raise sea levels as well, reducing supplies if fresh wash water as flooding occurs along coastlines world and salt water reaches inland.
- Many of the world endangered species would become extinct as raise in temperature would change their habitat.
- Millions of people also will be affected especially poor people who live in precarious locations or depend on land for sustenance living.
- Certain vector bam diseases carried by animals or insects such as malaria would become wide spread as warmer conditions expand their range.
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
1.3.1 AIM
The aim of the project is to model trace gas pollution from Ilorin animal waste dumpsite.
- OBJECTIVES:
- Pollution locator (animal waste)
- To quantity emission rate of trace gases from animal waste dump site in Ilorin
- To understand better trace gases emission level from pollution and its effect on global warning
- To model trace gas pollution from Ilorin animal waste dumpsite
1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH:
- To locate animal waste dumpsite in Ilorin
- To detect and monitor trace gases from located dumpsite using Toxireapro gas monitor
- To analyze the effect of trace gases from animal dumpsite to Ilorin environment
- And to model the effect of trace gases on the environment
1.5 DEFINATION OF TERMS
1.5.1 TRACE GAS: A trace gas is a gas which makes up less 1% by volume of the Earth’s atmosphere, and it includes all gases except nitrogen (78.1%) and oxygen (20.9%). The most abundant trace gas at 0.934% is argon. Water vapor also occurs in the atmosphere with highly variable abundance
1.5.2 POLLUTION: This is the process of making air, water soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use.
1.5.3 ANIMAL WASTE: Is a material composed of excreta with or without animal dung, collected from poultry and other animals except human.
The article is divided into five sections including this introduction. Section 2 is on the literature review and method of data collection are in Section 3. Results of findings are discussed in Section 4. The way forward is and conclusion in Section 5.
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CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "modeling of gas pollution from ilorin animal waste dumpsite" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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